Ukudakumba


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ISIMO SOKUDAKUMBA
Isimo sokudakumba sesinye seempawu ezimbini ezifunekayo ekufumaneni ziphumo zoxilongo lwe-MDD. Lolona phawu lwaziwa kakhulu ngokubanzi kwaye ilelona kusoloko kugxilwe kulo lunyango.8 I-serotonini ne-noradrenalin ziphembelelela isimo. Izithomalalisi-kudakumba ezisebenza kwi-serotonin, noradrenaline okanye kuzo zombini zinxulunyaniswa nokuphiliswa kwale mijikeliso. Oku kungacacisa kakuhle ukuba izithomalalisi-kudakumba zingaziphucula njani iimvakalelo zokuva kakubi nesimo sokudakumba.8
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UKUDAKUMBA KUWUCHAPHAZELA NJANI UMGANGATHO WOBOMI
UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO) ukubeka ukudakumba njengesifo esinye esisesona sifo singumthwalo ehlabathini. Luphazamiseko olunganyangekiyo kwaye lungachaphazela kabuhlungu nayiphi na inkalo yobomi bomntu namandla okusebenza.4 Nkqu nokudakumba okuzolileyo nje kungawuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonakalisa ukuba izinga lokuzibulala kwizigulana ezidakumbileyo kuyanda.9
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INGABA KUYANYANGEKA NA UKUDAKUMBA?
Uninzi lwezigulana zibuyela ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo emva kokuba sekudlule isehlo esingaqhelekanga kodwa, benganyangekanga, malunga nama-50% ukuya kuma-85% wabo banesisigulo ekugqibeleni bazophinda behlelwe zezinye izehlo ezingaqhelekanga.3,9 Ezona njongo ziphambili zonyango kukudamba (akukho zimpawu zakudakumba), ukuze abo banesisigulo bakwazi ukuzuza amandla wabo okusebenza kakuhle kwakhona kuze kuphucuke umgangatho wabo wobomi. Unyango lungakwazi nokunciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba luze lunciphise namathuba okuphinda kwehle izehlo ezingaqhelekanga zokudakumba kwixesha elizayo.9
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IINDLELA ZONYANGO
Unyango lukanquka:
- Amayeza azizithomalalisi-kudakumba okanye
- Unyango lwengqondo ngaphandle kwamayeza olugxile kukudakumba, okanye
- Indibanisela yoku kubini.
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ZISEBENZA KANGAKANANI IZITHOMALALISI-KUDAKUMBA
Izithomalalisi-kudakumba ziyohluka ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo, nendlela sisebenzisana ngayo namanye amayeza, imiphumela yawo nokuthi kulula kangakanani ukulungelelanisa umthamo. Ukuba awuhambelani kakuhle nohlobo oluthile lwesithomalalisi-kudakumba, oko akuthethi ukuba awuzokuhambelana kakuhle nolunye uhlobo.10 Xa uqala ukusebenzisa isithomalalisi-kudakumba, ugqirha wakho ngokwesiqhelo uza kumisela owona mthamo mncinci isithuba esingangeeveki ezine phambi kokuba awandise okanye atshintshe unyango lwakho. Kuza kuthatha iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuze umzimba wakho ubonakalise ukusebenza konyango okokuqala, nangona ukuphucuka okuthile kudla ngokubonakala kwakwiveki yesibini ukuya phambili kona.3,12 Ngokwesiqhelo kucetyiswa ukuba unyango lwezithomalalisi-kudakumba maluqhutywe isithuba:
- Sonyaka emva kokuzibonakalisa kweempawu emva kwesehlo esingaqhelekanga sokuqala
- Seminyaka emibini ubuncinane ukuba uneemeko ezongezelelweyo zemingcipheko
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YINTONI UNYANGO LWENGQONDO NGAPHANDLE KOKUSEBENZISA AMAYEZA?
Unyango lwengqondo okungasetyenziswa mayeza kulo “lunyango lokuthetha” ukunceda abanesisigulo ukuba bakhulelwe yindlela esempilweni yokumelana neemeko ukusebenza ngoxinizelelo lwemihla ngemihla. Xa lusetyenziswa kunye nelinye iyeza elimiselweyo, singanyanga side sisombulule neengxaki ze-MDD.9
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UNGAYA PHI UKUFUMANA UNCEDO
Kuninzi lwabantu abanokudakumba unyango lusebenza kakuhle. Inyathelo lokuqala ekunyangeni ukudakumba kukuxoxa ngeempawu zakho nogqirha wakho okanye igosa lenkathalelo yezonyango kwikliniki yendawo ohlala kuyo okanye esibhedlele.
Ingenzenga njengesehlo esinye okanye ngokuphinda-phindanayo.2 Isimo sokudakumba nokuphelelwa ngumdla okanye ukuphelelwa bubumnandi phantse kuyo yonke imisebenzi kufuneka kubekhona ukuze kukwazi ukufumaneka iziphumo esichanekileyo kuxilongo kunye ezinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:3
- Ukulahleka okanye ukongezeka kobunzima bomzimba okungamandla okanye ukwanda komdla wokutya okanye ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala okufana nokuphuthelwa okanye ukulala ngokugqithisileyo kunesiqhelo
- Ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla
- Ubunzima ekucingeni nokuzikisa ingqondo okanye ukungabi nasigqibo
- Ukudineka
- Ukuziva ungaxabisekanga, ukuphelelwa lithemba okanye ukuziva unobutyala ngokugqithisileyo/ngokungafanelekanga
- Ingcinga zokufa eziphinda phandanayo – uloyiko lokufa okanye ukuzibulala
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NGUBANI OSEMNGCIPHEKWENI?
Ukudakumba kokunye kokona kuphazamiseka kuthanda ukuba ziziphumo zoxilongo.4 Kunokwenzeka nokuba mingaphi na iminyaka yomntu, nkqu nasebuntwaneni okanye kumntu ofikisayo, kodwa iminyaka ephaya kumashumi amabini nengamashumi amathathu bobona budala buqhelekileyo.3 Imiba yemingcipheko iquka iminyaka nesini apho abasetyhini iba ingabona basemngciphekweni omkhulu kunamadoda.
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YINTONI EBANGELA UKUDAKUMBA?
Mininzi imiba enegalelo kwiimpawu zokudakumba nokuphazamiseka. Oku kuquka ufuzo (imbali yosapho), uxinizelelo, imiba yezokusingqongileyo neyezentlalo, kodwa oyena nobangela akakacaci.5 Kodwa esikwaziyo kukuba kukho izigqithiseli eziyintloko ezigqithisela ukuphazamiseka engqondweni ezibizwa i-serotonin, i-noradrenalin ne- dopamine, ezinxulumeneyo nokudakumba.
